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The Helm and the Lens · English
Pronto per la pubblicazione / Ready for publication

the Helm and the Lens – Vol. 6b

ISO 22000 and the Proof on the Plate Internal Audit and Certification of Food Safety Management in Hotels, Resorts and Their Kitchens

SO 22000 seen through the lens of the internal auditor and the certification body: how to audit a hotel’s food safety system where risk actually lives, and what a certificate really proves to guests, owners and buyers. Thirty cases, from Lyon to Auckland.

551 Pagine

The Helm and the Lens · Volume 6b
ISO 22000 and the Proof on the Plate

A food safety system can look perfect in its binders and still fail on a Saturday night, when the banquet doubles in size and the blast chiller stops. This volume is about proof. How do you find out, by looking, asking and sampling, whether the system a hotel has described is the system its kitchens actually run? And what does a certificate really say once it has been issued?

The book picks up where its companion volume, 6a · ISO 22000 and Trust at the Table, leaves off, and reads the same standard from the other side. Chapter 3, The Internal Auditor’s Lens, follows the internal auditor. It covers how to plan an audit programme around risk rather than the calendar, how to audit a kitchen during service and not only in the office, and how to follow an allergy from the booking to the plate. It also shows how to verify that CCPs and OPRPs are monitored as written, and how to write findings that management will act on. Chapter 4, The Certifier’s Lens, explains what happens when the certification body arrives. It covers stage 1 and stage 2, multi-site and seasonal properties, surveillance, nonconformities and their closure, and what an accredited certificate does and does not cover.

Every subchapter opens with a case set in a real city, built as a composite and clearly declared as fictional. Each one carries a Verification Pact, which checks common market claims against the standard and keeps three things apart: binding requirement, explanatory note and the author’s recommendation. Where the book refers to the rules certification bodies follow, it states what has been verified and what the reader should confirm at the source.

The volume closes with a practical tool for owners and sales teams: the questions corporate buyers and tour operators ask about food safety, with what the certificate answers and what the hotel can show on top of it.

The author is a Lead Auditor and has spent over twenty years in international luxury hospitality. He writes as an author and publisher, for those who run hotels and those who audit them.

Each subchapter ends with a concept card. Worksheets, audit checklists and the cards in high resolution are available on the online platform.

Pubblicazione 2026-10-24 Edizione 2026 Formati 1 Pronto per la pubblicazione / Ready for publication
EDIZIONI · FORMATI

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NEL LIBRO

Contenuto / Contents

La struttura del volume così come presentata nell’edizione pubblicata.

Contents
  • Preface
  • Chapter 3 The Internal Auditor’s Lens.
  • 3.1 The Auditor Who Does Not Cook. 12
  • 3.2 An Audit Programme That Follows the Service. 27
  • 3.3 The Checklist from Another Edition. 41
  • 3.4 Does the Brigade Act or Endure the Standard?. 55
  • 3.5 The Supplier’s Kitchen: Auditing Second Party. 69
  • 3.6 Observing Without Changing the Work. 83
  • 3.7 What a Camera Can Prove: Remote Auditing. 97
  • 3.8 The Plate That Did Not Leave: Near-Misses. 111
  • 3.9 Why the Procedure Failed. 124
  • 3.10 The Thermometer Under Audit 137
  • 3.11 Auditing the Reasoning, Not the Records. 150
  • 3.12 Following One Allergy from Booking to Plate. 164
  • 3.13 The Report That Speaks to the Owner 178
  • 3.14 Follow-Up: Proving the Crack Is Sealed. 191
  • 3.15 Did the System Keep Its Promise?. 204
  • The Certifier’s Lens. 219
  • 4.1 The Chain Behind the Certificate. 221
  • 4.2 Choosing the Certification Body. 234
  • 4.3 Audit Days Are Calculated, Not Negotiated. 247
  • 4.4 A Standard or a Scheme?. 260
  • 4.5 Stage 1: Readiness Before Anyone Enters the Kitchen. 273
  • 4.6 Stage 2: The Kitchen at Full Service. 286
  • 4.7 Scrutinising Leadership. 299
  • 4.8 Did the Numbers Move?. 312
  • 4.9 Multi-Site, and the Outlets in Concession. 325
  • 4.10 One Audit, Three Standards. 338
  • 4.11 Findings: Major, Minor, and the Deadline. 351
  • 4.12 Issued, Then Surveilled. 364
  • 4.13 An Outbreak Under a Valid Certificate. 377
  • 4.14 The Mark and the Menu. 390
  • 4.15 Excellence as a Permanent State. 403
  • Afterword. 415
  • Appendices. 419
  • Appendix A — Where Each Subject Is Treated. 420
  • Appendix B — The Audit Programme and the Audit Plan. 425
  • Appendix C — The Auditor’s Question Bank. 430
  • Appendix D — Reading the Work. 440
  • Appendix E — The Supplier File and the Visit 445
  • Appendix F — The Catch Card and the Cause Sheet 449
  • Appendix G — Instruments Under Verification. 454
  • Appendix H — Auditing the Hazard Analysis. 458
  • Appendix I — The Allergy Trace. 463
  • Appendix J — The Report, the Follow-Up and the Verdict 467
  • Appendix K — Before Certification. 473
  • Appendix L — Stage 1 and Stage 2. 480
  • Appendix M — Where Certification Audits Turn. 486
  • Appendix N — Keeping the Certificate. 494
  • Appendix O — Making an Internal Auditor 502
  • Appendix P — The Year on One Calendar 507
  • Appendix Q — Thirty Questions for the General Manager 511
  • Sources and Research Methodology. 514
  • Glossary. 521
  • About the Author 528
  • Contact 531
  • The Series. 533
  • The Online Platform.. 535
  • Acknowledgements. 538
  • Analytical Index. 540
 
PRIMA DELL’ACQUISTO

Estratti / Extracts

Passaggi selezionati dal libro disponibili per la consultazione.

01 Preface Apri / Open

Why a hotel with a food safety system needs someone to look at it

The companion to this volume was about the helm: the decisions an owner and a management team take to build a food safety management system and keep it true to the hotel. This volume is about the lens: the ways in which a hotel finds out whether those decisions were taken, whether they hold, and whether the system that resulted is doing what it was built to do. A system nobody looks at becomes a set of documents. A system that is looked at honestly, from inside and from outside, stays a system.

The lens has two parts, and this book has two chapters for them. The first is the hotel’s own: the internal audit, carried out by people who know the hotel and are asked to judge it fairly. The second is the certifier’s: the external audit, carried out by a body that does not know the hotel and is required to judge it impartially. Each sees things the other cannot. An internal auditor can be in the breakfast room at seven on a trade-fair morning; a certification auditor can say what nobody inside the hotel will say to the general manager. A hotel that uses both well has a clearer view of its own kitchens than any guest, inspector or buyer will ever have.

The first subchapter opens in Lyon, with an executive chef who offers to audit his own kitchen because he is the only person who understands it. He is right about the understanding and wrong about the audit, and the reason he is wrong runs through every page that follows: an audit is worth what its auditors can both see and say. Thirty cases later, the book closes in Auckland, with a buyer who reads a certificate and asks what she is entitled to believe. Between them lies everything a hotel needs to know about being looked at.

What this volume is

The Helm and the Lens treats each management system standard in two companion volumes. The first, The Helm, takes the side of the people who own and run the property. The second, The Lens, takes the side of the auditor, internal and external. This is the second of the two volumes on ISO 22000. Its companion is ISO 22000 and Trust at the Table. Each volume stands on its own, and a reader who has the first will find this one built on the same ground and looking at it from the other side.

Chapter 3, The Internal Auditor’s Lens, follows the hotel’s own audit from the choice of who audits, through the programme, the criteria, the evidence from people, suppliers, traces, instruments and reasoning, the near-misses and the causes, to the report, the follow-up and the auditor’s verdict on whether the system keeps the promises its policy makes. Chapter 4, The Certifier’s Lens, follows the certification of the system from the chain of accreditation behind a certificate, through the choice of a certification body, the calculation of audit days, the difference between a standard and a scheme, the two stages of initial certification, the audit of leadership and of performance, multi-site certification, combined audits, findings and their deadlines, surveillance, incidents under a valid certificate and the claims a hotel may make, to the reader of the certificate at the end.

What this volume rests on

Three kinds of text sit beneath this book, and they carry different weight. ISO 22000:2018 sets the requirements for the hotel’s system, including the requirement to audit it internally; every statement about what the standard requires has been checked against its text. ISO 19011:2026, published in May 2026, is the international guidance on auditing management systems; it is guidance, written in the language of what should be done, and this book treats it that way. And the certification of food safety management systems is governed by requirements that apply to certification bodies and by the documents of the international accreditation arrangement. Those are described in this book by their function, because they are the certification bodies’ obligations rather than the hotel’s, and they are named in the Sources at the end, with their status, for any reader who wants to consult them.

The distinction matters, because a great deal of what hotels believe about certification is wrong in one of two directions. Some believe the certification body will do things it is not allowed to do, such as help them prepare the system it will judge. Others believe they have no say in matters where the rules give them one, such as how their audit days are calculated or how a finding they disagree with can be challenged. Knowing whose rule is whose is the beginning of using the lens well.

How each subchapter is built

Every subchapter follows the same order as in the companion volume, so that a reader who knows one can find anything in any of them. A guiding question and a case open it, set in a real kind of hotel in a real city. The Problem names what went wrong and why. The Principle states what the subchapter holds to be true. What the Standard Says renders the relevant requirements and guidance in the book’s own words. The Verification Pact tests the commonest claims about the subject against the texts and says which are binding and which are not. What This Means in a Hotel turns the requirements into the hotel’s own terms, and What No Single Manual Will Tell You adds what experience teaches. Practical Application follows what the hotel did next, Economic Implications models what the failure and the correction cost, and Common Mistakes and Operative Synthesis reduce the subchapter to checks and questions that management can use. The Closing returns to the case and passes the reader to the next city.

The Verification Pact is the discipline that carries the series. In this volume it has an extra edge, because certification is a field in which confident claims circulate freely: that a certificate guarantees safe food, that audit days are a matter for negotiation, that an accredited body issues accredited certificates for anything it chooses, that a chef may audit his own kitchen because nobody else understands it. Each of those claims is tested in these pages, and each is found wanting in a particular and useful way.

The cities

Thirty cases are set in thirty cities, none of them repeated from the companion volume, across Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas and Oceania. As in the companion, the city is part of the case. It brings a climate, a produce and a way of eating: oysters opened on the Tasmanian coast, street food on a lawn in Penang, a juice bar two thousand six hundred metres up in Bogotá, a pastilla with almonds in Fez, a feast cooked in the earth in Auckland. None of the hotels is real. Each is a composite of patterns that recur across four decades of hospitality, and in none of them does anyone act in bad faith. The internal auditors are receptionists, credit managers, revenue managers and security managers who were trained to audit and asked to look at kitchens they did not know; the certification auditors are professionals doing a difficult job within rules. Every failure in this book is produced by competent people on criteria that were legitimate at the time. That is not a courtesy. It is the argument.   …

02 4.4 A Standard or a Scheme? Apri / Open

Answer the question the buyer asked, not the one you hoped for: Amsterdam

Guiding Question

When a client asks for a “recognised food safety certification”, do you know whether your ISO 22000 certificate is what they mean, and what it would take if it is not?

Opening

The Hotel Zevensluizen occupies five canal houses joined behind their facades on one of Amsterdam’s inner canals, with a modern wing at the back that houses its conference rooms and a production kitchen. It has a hundred and seventy rooms, a restaurant that serves Dutch and Indonesian dishes, the latter a legacy of the city’s colonial history, a bar known for its raw herring in early summer, and a breakfast for two hundred and fifty. Since the pandemic it has also had a second business. Its production kitchen prepares lunches and meeting catering every working day for the European headquarters of two companies in the city’s business district, delivered in insulated containers by the hotel’s own van.

The hotel had held an accredited ISO 22000 certificate for three years, covering both the hotel and the contract catering. In April, the larger of the two corporate clients, an international technology company, put its catering contract out to tender. The specification was long. Under the heading of food safety, it asked for “certification under a scheme recognised by the global food safety initiative”, and gave a link.

The hotel’s sales manager assumed the requirement was met, attached the ISO 22000 certificate and moved on to the menus. The quality manager, Femke de Jong, read the specification more slowly and followed the link. It led to the list of certification programmes recognised by the global initiative, an organisation set up by large retailers and food companies to benchmark food safety certification programmes against a common set of requirements. ISO 22000 was not on the list. Several programmes on the list included ISO 22000 within them, adding further requirements of their own.

She wrote to the client’s procurement officer, Laura Mendes, to make sure she had understood. The reply was clear. The company’s global procurement policy required its food suppliers, including contract caterers, to hold certification under a recognised programme. ISO 22000 on its own did not qualify. The company had no doubt that the hotel’s system was good; it simply could not accept the certificate under its policy. The tender would close in five months.

The general manager, Joost Visser, asked the obvious question. Was the hotel’s certificate worth less than the hotel had thought? Femke de Jong said it was worth exactly what it had always been worth. It was not what this client was asking for.

The Problem

The sales manager had read “food safety certification” and heard “ISO 22000”. The client had written something more specific. In the market for food safety certification there are standards, which set requirements, and there are certification schemes, which specify what an organisation must meet to be certified and how certification bodies must audit it. Some schemes are built on ISO 22000, and add to it the technical requirements for prerequisite programmes in the relevant sector, together with requirements of their own. A global initiative of retailers and manufacturers benchmarks such schemes and recognises those that meet its requirements. Buyers who follow that initiative ask for certification under a recognised scheme, and ISO 22000 on its own does not meet that request, because it leaves the detail of prerequisite programmes to the organisation.

The confusion is common and understandable. The schemes contain ISO 22000, use its language and are audited by the same certification bodies. A hotel whose certificate says ISO 22000 can easily believe it holds the thing a buyer is describing. It may hold most of it. It does not hold the certificate the buyer’s policy requires.

The client’s policy was not arbitrary. A technology company with offices in forty countries buys food from hundreds of caterers, canteens and suppliers. Its procurement team cannot assess each one, and it cannot compare a caterer’s self-designed prerequisite programmes in Amsterdam with another’s in Singapore. A recognised scheme gives it a single rule that applies everywhere: the same technical requirements for prerequisites, the same additional requirements, the same audit rules, benchmarked by an initiative its industry trusts. The hotel’s certificate might well describe a better system than some scheme-certified caterers had. The policy had no way of knowing that, and was not designed to find out.

The second problem was timing. The hotel discovered the gap when the tender was published, five months before it closed. Moving to a scheme is not a matter of exchanging certificates. It means meeting the scheme’s additional requirements, demonstrating them in an audit and receiving a new certificate, and five months is close to the minimum for that. A hotel that had asked its corporate clients about their requirements a year earlier would have had time to spare.

Table 1: A good certificate, and not the one asked for

What the hotel had What the client asked for The gap
Accredited ISO 22000 certificate Certification under a recognised scheme ISO 22000 alone is not a recognised scheme
PRPs designed by the hotel PRPs to a sector technical specification Detailed technical requirements for catering
ISO 22000 requirements only Scheme’s additional requirements For example food defence, food fraud, unannounced audits
Five months to the tender Certificate at award Tight but possible

 

The Principle

The principle of this subchapter is that the choice between a standard and a scheme is not a ladder of quality but a question of who the hotel serves and what they require. ISO 22000 sets out a complete food safety management system and is sufficient for most hotels, whose guests and clients rely on it directly or not at all. A scheme that incorporates ISO 22000 is needed when a buyer’s policy requires it, typically when the hotel supplies food under contract to a company that applies the same rules to all its food suppliers.

Because the schemes are built on the standard, moving from one to the other does not mean starting again. The management system, the hazard analysis, the hazard control plan and the internal audits all carry over. What changes is the detail of the prerequisite programmes, which must meet a sector technical specification, and the scheme’s own additional requirements and audit rules.

The practical rule follows. A hotel should know, for each client who buys food from it under contract, what certification that client requires, and should ask before the tender rather than after it.

What the Standard Says

Clause 8.2.3 of ISO 22000:2018 states that, when selecting and establishing prerequisite programmes, the organisation should consider the applicable part of the ISO/TS 22002 series and applicable standards, codes of practice and guidelines. The verb is “should”: the standard recommends that the sector technical specification be considered, but leaves the organisation to decide how. Clause 8.2.4 then lists the elements the organisation must consider, from the construction of buildings to cleaning, pest control, personnel hygiene and product information. The standard’s bibliography lists the ISO/TS 22002 series, which includes a part for catering. That part has since been replaced: ISO 22002-2:2025 is an International Standard for catering, used together with ISO 22002-100:2025, which sets the requirements common to every sector, and it leaves kitchens that produce meals for consumption elsewhere to the part for food manufacturing. In this subchapter the sector technical specification means whichever part a scheme names for the activity concerned.   …

MATERIALI DI LAVORO

Materiali e download

Checklist, modelli, supplementi e file di lavoro collegati al volume.

35 materiali in 3 gruppi

Capitolo 317 materiali
FILES
Worksheet · v.1 ·

1 · Worksheet 3.1: The Auditor Who Does Not Cook

Subchapter 3.1

Who audits your kitchen: someone who understands it, or someone who is free to say what they find? If the honest answer is only one of the two, what does your internal audit actually prove?

FILES
Worksheet · v.1 ·

2 · Worksheet 3.2: An Audit Programme That Follows the Service

Subchapter 3.2

On the days when your kitchens are most at risk (the busiest breakfast, the largest banquet, the first week of a new menu) has an internal auditor ever been there to see them?

FILES
Worksheet · v.1 ·

3 · Worksheet 3.3: The Checklist from Another Edition

Subchapter 3.3

Against what, exactly, does your internal auditor compare the evidence? Could you show the edition of the standard and the version of your own procedures that the checklist was written from?

FILES
Worksheet · v.1 ·

4 · Worksheet 3.4: Does the Brigade Act or Endure the Standard?

Subchapter 3.4

If your auditor asked a cook not what the rule is, but why it exists and what to do when it cannot be followed, how many of your kitchen staff would answer, and how many would point to the sign on the wall?

FILES
Worksheet · v.1 ·

5 · Worksheet 3.5: The Supplier’s Kitchen: Auditing Second Party

Subchapter 3.5

For the ingredient on which a whole control measure depends, what do you know about your supplier that the supplier did not tell you itself?

FILES
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6 · Worksheet 3.6: Observing Without Changing the Work

Subchapter 3.6

When your auditor walks into the kitchen, what changes in the first five minutes, and how would you know what the kitchen looked like before?

FILES
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7 · Worksheet 3.7: What a Camera Can Prove: Remote Auditing

Subchapter 3.7

If your next internal audit of a kitchen were carried out through a phone held by the kitchen’s own manager, which of your findings from the last on-site audit would it still have found?

FILES
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8 · Worksheet 3.8: The Plate That Did Not Leave: Near-Misses

Subchapter 3.8

How many times last month did someone in your kitchen stop a plate, discard a tray or remake a dish because something was not right, and where is the record of any of it?

FILES
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9 · Worksheet 3.9: Why the Procedure Failed

Subchapter 3.9

Look at the causes written in your last ten corrective actions. How many say, in one form or another, that a person made a mistake, and how many of those problems have come back?

FILES
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10 · Worksheet 3.10: The Thermometer Under Audit

Subchapter 3.10

If one of your probe thermometers had been reading two degrees low for three months, how would you know, and what would you do about everything it measured in that time?

FILES
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11 · Worksheet 3.11: Auditing the Reasoning, Not the Records

Subchapter 3.11

Your audits confirm that the hazard control plan is applied. Has anyone ever audited whether the plan is right, whether each hazard was scored, and each control measure classified, by a reasoning that someone else could follow and check?

FILES
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12 · Worksheet 3.12: Following One Allergy from Booking to Plate

Subchapter 3.12

Every department in your hotel may follow its own procedure for allergies perfectly. Has anyone ever followed a single guest’s allergy through all of them, from the moment it was declared to the moment the plate was set down?

FILES
Worksheet · v.1 ·

13 · Worksheet 3.13: The Report That Speaks to the Owner

Subchapter 3.13

If your owner read only the first page of your last internal audit report, would he know the one thing that most needed his decision?

FILES
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14 · Worksheet 3.14: Follow-Up: Proving the Crack Is Sealed

Subchapter 3.14

Of the findings your last audit marked as closed, how many did someone go back to see: at the hour, on the shift and in the conditions where the problem had been found?

FILES
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15 · Worksheet 3.15: Did the System Keep Its Promise?

Subchapter 3.15

Your food safety policy makes promises to your guests. When did an auditor last tell you, in one page, which of those promises the system is keeping, which it is not, and which nobody has checked?

XLSX
Checklist · v.1 ·

31 · Practical application: all thirty subchapters

Subchapters 3.1–4.15

121 steps from the book, with a summary by subchapter

FILES
Altro · v.1 ·

35 · The thirty concept cards

Subchapters 3.1–4.15

Title, city, image and text of every card

Capitolo 415 materiali
FILES
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16 · Worksheet 4.1: The Chain Behind the Certificate

Subchapter 4.1

Your hotel has a certificate on the wall. Could you show, in five minutes, who checked the body that issued it, for which standard, and whether that check covers the certificate you hold?

FILES
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17 · Worksheet 4.2: Choosing the Certification Body

Subchapter 4.2

When you last chose a certification body, did you compare the people who would audit your kitchens, or only the prices on the quotations?

FILES
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18 · Worksheet 4.3: Audit Days Are Calculated, Not Negotiated

Subchapter 4.3

The number of audit days in your certification contract came from figures your hotel supplied. Do you know which figures, and were they the figures of the hotel the auditor would actually visit?

FILES
Worksheet · v.1 ·

19 · Worksheet 4.4: A Standard or a Scheme?

Subchapter 4.4

When a client asks for a “recognised food safety certification”, do you know whether your ISO 22000 certificate is what they mean, and what it would take if it is not?

FILES
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20 · Worksheet 4.5: Stage 1: Readiness Before Anyone Enters the Kitchen

Subchapter 4.5

Is your hotel ready to be judged, or ready to be told what to do before it is judged? Stage 1 is designed for the first, and many hotels arrive expecting the second.

FILES
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21 · Worksheet 4.6: Stage 2: The Kitchen at Full Service

Subchapter 4.6

If the certification auditor arrived at the busiest twenty minutes of your busiest day, would your records and your kitchen tell the same story?

FILES
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22 · Worksheet 4.7: Scrutinising Leadership

Subchapter 4.7

If a certification auditor asked your general manager to show three decisions he took last year because of the food safety system, what would he bring?

FILES
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23 · Worksheet 4.8: Did the Numbers Move?

Subchapter 4.8

Your food safety objectives were met last year. Were they met the year before, and the year before that, at the same level, and if so, what has the system learned in three years?

FILES
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24 · Worksheet 4.9: Multi-Site, and the Outlets in Concession

Subchapter 4.9

If your group asked for one certificate covering all its hotels, could it show one system behind it, and could a guest tell which bars and restaurants on your property that certificate does not cover?

FILES
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25 · Worksheet 4.10: One Audit, Three Standards

Subchapter 4.10

If your food safety, quality and environmental audits were combined into one, which part of your kitchens would receive less attention, and which conflicts between your three systems would finally become visible?

FILES
Worksheet · v.1 ·

26 · Worksheet 4.11: Findings: Major, Minor, and the Deadline

Subchapter 4.11

If your certification auditor raised a major nonconformity three weeks before your busiest season, what would you send her, by when, and would it convince her, or only reassure you?

FILES
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27 · Worksheet 4.12: Issued, Then Surveilled

Subchapter 4.12

Since your certificate was issued, what has changed in your hotel (outlets, people, suppliers, menus) and does your certified system, and your certification body, know about each change?

FILES
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28 · Worksheet 4.13: An Outbreak Under a Valid Certificate

Subchapter 4.13

If guests fell ill after one of your events next month, what would the certificate on your wall have promised them, and what would your response prove about the system behind it?

FILES
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29 · Worksheet 4.14: The Mark and the Menu

Subchapter 4.14

Look at your menus, your website, your brochures and anything you sell in a jar or a box. Does any of them say something about your certification that the certificate does not say?

FILES
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30 · Worksheet 4.15: Excellence as a Permanent State

Subchapter 4.15

When a buyer, a guest or an owner reads your food safety certificate, what are they entitled to believe, and what would you show them if they asked for more?

Altri materiali3 materiali
XLSX
File dati · v.1 ·

32 · Verification Pact

Verification Pact, all subchapters

150 common claims tested against ISO 22000:2018 and the certification rules, each marked binding or not

XLSX
Checklist · v.1 ·

33 · Common mistakes: a self-check

Common Mistakes, all subchapters

180 mistakes described in the book, with columns for the property

XLSX
File dati · v.1 ·

34 · The thirty guiding questions

Guiding questions, all subchapters

One question per subchapter, with room for the answer

L’AUTORE
Francesco Dore

Francesco Dore

Autore e ricercatore indipendente

Francesco Dore è autore e ricercatore indipendente. Il suo lavoro nasce dall’incontro tra esperienza professionale, studio dei sistemi di gestione, hotellerie e ricerca applicata. Nei suoi libri utilizza un approccio basato sull’analisi dei processi, sul confronto delle fonti e sull’osservazione delle conseguenze reali delle decisioni organizzative.

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